scrotal rupture: 1 week to repair - blood testis barrier damaged can lead to antibodies against sperm causing infertility

allopurinol- calcium oxalate stones, Norma calcium and oxalate with high Uric acid... MOA: heterogenous nucleation 

twist score for torsion

MOA for OSA and nocturia - ANP INCREASE 

Prostatectomy - The Rocco stitch: a running continuous absorbable suture is used to reapproximate the remnant Denonvillier's fascia, posterior detrusor and posterior rhabdosphincter prior to completion of the vesicourethral anastomosis. This serves to re-establish the posterior anatomic support to the bladder and urethra improving urethral coaptation during voiding, reduces tension at the vesicourethral anastomosis and increases the functional length of the striated urethral sphincteric complex.

Pyeloplasty flaps - Foley YV-plasty (best for high inserting ureter with relatively small pelvis) and culp deweerd flap (spiral that's good for long obstruction, length of flap limited by size of pelvis length:width 3:1)